The concept of the age of consent, in fact, has evolved significantly over time.
While I agree that 18 is a reasonable age for the legal definition of sexual consent, it’s important to understand that age of consent laws are not inherently biological truths. They are, in fact, social constructs — legal definitions that vary based on cultural, historical, and societal context. These laws reflect our collective decision about when we believe a person should be able to make informed decisions about sexual activity.
Biologically, childhood technically ends when puberty begins.
In the 1990s, for example, we were taught that the onset of puberty marks the transition from childhood to adolescence. However, Western societies deem people under 18 as minors not yet capable of fully understanding the implications of adult decisions, including sexual consent. And that's fine. Social constructs evolve.
I remember when I was a young teen in the '90s, and a friend of mine got pregnant at 14 and gave birth at 15. He boyfriend was 19. Back then, such occurrences weren’t uncommon in my country, and the societal response was different from how we view teenage pregnancy today.
Throughout much of human history (millions of years), teen girls were marrying men, having families, and engaging in sexual activity at a much younger age than what we consider typical today.
In many ancient civilizations, early adolescence was often considered a period when individuals were ready to marry men and bear children. This was largely driven by survival rates, religious values, economic factors, and social constructs of the time.
Even today, in various parts of the world, particularly in Islamic and Middle Eastern cultures, young teens, particularly girls, still marry men twice their age and begin families.
We can certainly debate whether the age of consent should be lower or higher.
Ultimately, age of consent laws are part of evolving social constructs. These definitions can and do change over time, but they will always be rooted in the cultural context of a given society.
Definitions of what constitutes a 'child' and what constitutes an 'adult' can evolve as part of changing social constructs. Language and its meanings are not static. For example, for millennia, the term 'woman' referred to an adult human female. However, in recent years, some dictionaries have expanded this definition to include individuals assigned male at birth who identify as women. As a result, the term 'woman' is now understood more broadly—anyone who identifies as a woman is recognized as such.
In the end, it’s important to recognize that age of consent laws are not universal truths; they are societal agreements that reflect evolving social constructs.